Book_State, Market and Inequalities

State, Markets and Inequalities
Human Development in Rural India

State, Markets and Inequalities films a major gap in the study of human development in India by addressing the role of social sector planning in alleviating deprivation. It highlights the extent of deprivation across states and amongst social groups. It also analyses the causes-inadequate allocations, wrong prioritisation, bad targeting, unimaginative design and insensitive delivery. Is there a mismatch between supply and demand? Is there an unexpressed latent demand or is there a problem of choice amongst various suppliers such as public, private and civil society. Is deprivation caused by unique social conditions and the interplay of people's dissatisfaction with public services? Why do people turn to private schools or private health care? What accentuates gender disparity even where services are available to both? How critical is education in ushering in other positive changes? Propels responses are influenced by their ability to access services and exploit opportunities in the contemporary competitive world. Based on a nation-wide representative survey of 33,200 rural households, the survey and the date it generated are used to create an in-depth multi-disciplinary, technical analysis of the causal factors in inter-group differentials and the interactions of market forces and human development in rural India. The book is valuable reference for planners, policy-makers, scholars and persons associated with NGOs working on current issues of human development.

Book_Social Report of the Prime Minister’s High Level Committee

Status Report on Social, Economic and Educational Conditions of the Indian Muslims

• I am currently directing a major research programme on behalf of the Indian Prime Minister to assess and prepare a status report on Social, Economic and Educational Conditions of the Indian Muslims. As the member-secretary of the High Level Committee I am both the chief of administration and research. The report is based on data analysis of many sources including the NSSO, the Census, data supplied by the state governments, public sector industries, reserve bank of India and the private sector. Besides qualitative data collected through state visits will be meshed into the report. The report will be handed over to the Prime Minister in July 2006.

Book_India Human Development Report

India Human Development Report

A Profile of Indian States in the 1990s

"The India: Human Development Report is the first study to take stock of the major indicators of human development in the Indian context and link data with people belonging to different population groups within the country. The report provides:
A comprehensive compilation of economic and social development data: Based on a primary survey of 33,000 households located in fifteen major Indian states, and the north-eastern region, the report covers:
Levels of living, employment and wages; Literacy and education; Morbidity, disability and nutrition; Effectiveness of public services and health; Demographic characteristics; and Village-level infrastructure and development.

Estimates of over 100 indicators: A number of indicators have been generated such that each can provide a complete information set for targeting and programme implementation.

Human development profile of key indicators: Key human development parameters, according to the level of poverty classification are listed.

State profiles and qualitative village studies: 28 village studies are summarized to validate the date collected.

A detailed statistical appendix: The database will be instrumental in generating investigative and analytical writing on development in India."

Book_West & Central India_State Report

Sixteen State level reports based on both the review of secondary and the HDI primary data and are in the process of finalization for publications a series of State Human Development Reports.

West and Central India:

Human Development Report

This volume focusing on west and central India comes as a sequel to the India HDR and the South India HDR. It is a comprehensive and authoritative source of micro-level information on economic and social development in the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh over the last quarter of a century. This includes disaggregated data collected from the newly-created state of Chhattisgarh.

Based on qualitative survey of 11,188 households spread over 562 villages from 63 districts across these states, the report provides:

• socio-economic profiles and detailed secondary data focusing on:
• 
  Literacy and education
  Health
  Demographic characteristics
  
• detailed data on human development indicators with special focus on gender disparity, including:
• 
  Levels of living, employment and wages
  Morbidity, disability and nutrition
  Effectiveness of public services and health
• information on village-level infrastructure and development

This volume will facilities effective region-specific and group-specific policy formulation at the grassroots. Rich in statistical analyses of various facets of devdlopment, it is a valuable resource for government, policy-makers, academia, and those in the development sector.

Book_East India_State Report

• East India: Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2004, pp. i - xvii and 1 - 335. (published on behalf of NCAER)

Book_North India_State Report

• North India: Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, June, 2003, pp. i - vx and 1 - 347. (published on behalf of NCAER)

Book_South India_State Report

South India:

Human Development Report

The South India: Human Development Report is a comprehensive and authoritative source of micro-level information on economic and social development in the four state of south India - Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

Based on qualitative survey of 8036 households spread over 399 villages from 43 districts across these states, the report provides:

• socio-economic profiles and detailed secondary data focusing on:
  Literacy and education; Health; Demographic characteristics
• detailed data on human development indicators with special focus on gender disparity, including:
  Levels of living, employment and wages; Morbidity, disability and nutrition; Effectiveness of public services and health
• information on village-level infrastructure and development
  

This volume will facilities effective region-specific and group-specific policy formulation at the grassroots. Rich in statistical analyses of various facets of devdlopment, it is a valuable resource for government, policy-makers, academia, and those in the development sector.

India Programme of Research in human Development

India Programme of Research in Human Development

• ‘India Program of Research in Human Development 2003-07’ is a four years long program having four components. Each of the components has separate stream of funding. However, the execution of research will be integrated around the re-survey of households and a sample survey of 40,000 rural and urban households. The NCAER and University of Maryland, USA are jointly executing this research program. The resources amounting to about USD 1.2 million for this integrated project are forthcoming through – 1. National Institute of Health and Human Development, Maryland, USA and the World Bank, Washington DC, USA under four different topical sub-projects leading to a comprehensive human development, poverty and equity research. The key direction of this integrated research is to assess and estimated the impact of structural adjustments and economic reforms on various sectors relating to human development including employment and levels of income.

Book_Gender Povery

Gender Poverty

• 'International Gender Poverty Summit' conference has scheduled on 9-11 November, 2003 at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Some of top world leaders from political, multilateral agencies, civil society and academic domains to discuss global gender poverty. The Prime Minister of India, Sri Atal Behari Vajpayee inaugurated the Summit and the valedictory address was delivered by Sri. I.K Gujral, Ex Prime Minister of India. Academics, political thinker and civil society representatives from 30 countries participated. The proceedings of the Summit are being published by the Social Science Press.

Book_Health Care

A Fine Balance:
Some Options for Private and Public Health Care in Urban India
jointly with David C. Naylor, Prabhat Jha and John Woods, The World Bank, Washington DC, 1999, pp I – ix and 1-38.

Health systems around the world are currently confronted with question of how public policy can engage the private sector to promote efficient and health care delivery. In India, the private sector
absorbs 80 percent of total health care expenditures. The share of private health care spending far exceeds that in most Western countries, and is also well above the worldwide average for low-income countries. Most of this private expenditure currently occurs on an out-of-pocket basis, suggesting a substantial opportunity to reshape the configuration of Indian health care through innovations in prepayment of services. At the same time, India's urban population is steadily increasing and faces both communicable and chronic diseases. This dual disease burden has created a need for both the private and public sectors to better organize health services in India's rapidly grow ing cities.
In this report, the authors examine India's policy options for improving the private-public mix for urban sustainable health care. Its timing is propitious. The Government of India (GOI) has begun to consider new policies in health care finance, in light of ongoing concern about the organization of health services in India's burgeoning urban areas. This paper was designed as a statement by the authors, rather than a formal Government of India-World Bank report, a deliberate approach that fully enables the authors to provoke a thoughtful debate. The GOI has requested the World Bank to further assist it in examining options for developing private-public part nerships for health service delivery This report should help to inform that process and catalyze more definitive assessments of some policy options. More generally, this report is also an important contribution to the ongoing debate over how to optimize the quality efficiency, and equity of India's urban health care services.

Book_HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS

Background papers and maps for a National Consultation on Nutritional Security and the Prevention, Treatment and Mitigation of TB and HIV/AIDS in India, organized by World Food Programme, New Delhi, December 2-3, 2004.

• ‘The Dreadful Trilogy: Linkages among HIV/AIDS, TB and hunger in India’, and
• ‘Geographical overlap of HIV/AIDS, TB, malnutrition and food insecurity in India’ (a set of 14 district level maps and paper titled ‘Technical Note on Data Sources and District Level Maps on the geographic interlinkages of HIV/AIDS, TB and Food Security’)

Other Publications

Publications in Refereed Journals / Documents

• ‘Growth and Equity in India: Does Governance Matter?’ Published in Denouement, January -February 2005.
• ‘Rural Non-farm Employment in India: Access Incomes and Impact on Poverty’, jointly with Peter Lanjouw, Economic and Political Weekly, 39(40): 4429-4446, October 2, 2004.
• ‘Some Thoughts on Nature and Persistent of Poverty in India’, Working Paper, Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford University, Oxford, (forthcoming); also presented in a seminar on ‘Alternative Concepts of Poverty in India’, jointly organized by NCAER and Oxford University, The UK, 1-2 April, 2002 at India International Centre, New Delhi.
• ‘Participatory Development Process and Poverty Analysis in India: A review’, jointly with V.S. Saravanan and Poushali Majumdar, Working Paper, Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford University, Oxford, (forthcoming); also presented in a seminar on ‘Alternative Concepts of Poverty in India’, jointly organized by NCAER and Oxford University, The UK, held on 1-2 April, 2002 at India International Centre, New Delhi.
• ‘Indian Public Expenditures on Social Sector and Poverty Alleviation Programs during the 1990s’, jointly with Prabir Ghosh and S.K. Mondal, Working Paper 169: September 2002, Oversees Development Institute, London, The UK.
• ‘Emerging Global Markets: Implications for South Asia’, Denouement, June 2002.
• ‘State Adjusted Public Expenditures on Social Sector and Poverty Alleviation Programs’, jointly with Prabir Ghosh and S.K.Mondal, Economic and Political Weekly, 37(8):767-787, February23-March, 2002.
• ‘State of Life of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India’, jointly with Tarujyoti Buragohain and P. K. Ghosh, Artha Vijnana, Journal of The Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics, Vol. XLIII, Nos. 1-2, March-June 2001.
• ‘The Millennium Budget: Social Sector and Poverty Alleviation Allocations’, Margin, 31 (3), April - June, 2000.
• ‘Indian Education Scene and the Public Expenditure Gap’, Economic and Political Weekly, 35(15):1396-1406, April 15, 2000.
• ‘Employment and Wages in India: Pre and Post Reform Scenario’, The Indian Journal of Labour Economic, 42 (2):195 – 216; April - June, 1999.
• ‘Health Care Financing and Insurance: Perspectives for the India's Ninth Plan, 1997-2002’, jointly with Anil Gumber, Ravi Duggal and Moneer Alam, Margin 31(2):38-68 A refereed journal published by the NCAER, January - March, 1999.
• ‘Dynamics of Food Intake and Nutrition according to Expenditure Classes in India since 1973’, jointly with A. C. Malick, Economic and Political Weekly, 34(27):1790-1800, July 3-9, 1999.
• ‘An Integrated View of Development’, Yojana [a journal published by the Government of India] 42(8):95-99.
• ‘National Expenditures on Poverty Alleviation and Social Sectors: An Evaluation in the light of 1997-98 Budget’, The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 40(1):307-326; 1997.
• ‘Contributions of the Informal Rural Sector: Structure and Share of State's Rural Household Sector in the States’ Indian Association of Social Science Institutions Quarterly, 15(3): 89-110, 1997.
• ‘Mother's Education Effect on Child Health: An Econometric Analysis of Child Anthropometry in Uganda’, jointly with Namkee Ahn, The Indian Economic Review, 30(2):203-222, 1995.
• ‘Morbidity and Health Expenditure in India’, Christian Medical Journal of India, 11(1):20-22, January-March 1996.
• ‘Determinants of Child Heights in Uganda: A consideration of the selection bias caused by child mortality’, jointly with Namkee Ahn, Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 16(1);49-59, 1995. [Published from Food and Nutrition Programme for Human and Social Development, The United Nations University, Boston, USA.]
• ‘A Comparative Study of Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinant of Fertility in Togo and Uganda’, Jointly with Namkee Ahn, International Family Planning Perspectives, 20(1): 14-17,22; 1994.
• ‘A Comparative Study of Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinant of Fertility in Togo and Uganda’, Jointly with Namkee Ahn, (French Translated version) International Family Planning Perspectives, 21(4), 1995.
• ‘Socio-Economic and Demographic Differentials between the Hindus and Muslims in India’, Economic and Political Weekly, 30(46):2947-2954, 1995; also published as ‘Some Socio-Economic and Demographic Aspects of Population According to Religion in India’, Centre for Study of Society and Secularism: Bombay, October 1993.
  ‘Role of Focus Group Interviews in Assessing the Primary Health Care and Family Planning Practice in India’, Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) Notes, (17):34-39, London: International Institute for Environment and Development, March 1993.
• ‘Women Workers: Gender Equality and Female Autonomy’, Social Change, 20(2):44-51, Special Issue on Women's Status and Employment, 1990.
• ‘Breastfeeding Practices, Beliefs and Taboos in Karnataka’, jointly with Chaman Farzana, Indian Journal of Social Work, 50(1):141-48, 1990.
• ‘Societal Determinants of the Regional Differentials in India’s Family Planning Programme Performance’, Demography India, 18(1&2):1-20, 1989.
• ‘Woman’s Status and Human Fertility in South India’, Demography India, 17(2), 1988.
• ‘Child Survival: A Village-Level Investigation of Some Cultural Factors Associated with Morbidity and Mortality in South India’, Human Organization, 46 (4):348 – 355, Winter 1987.

Published in Conference Proceedings and Monograph Chapters

• ‘User fees in public health care Institutions’ jointly with Subrata K. Mondal in Prasad, Sujata and C. Sathyamal (edits), Securing Health for All: Dimensions and Challenges, New Delhi: Institute for Human Development, 2006. pp 491 – 505.
• ‘Communal Relations and Social Integration’, in India: Social Development Report, jointly with Azra Razzak, published by Oxford University Press: New Delhi in 2006.
• ‘Some thoughts an nature and persistence of poverty in India’, in Diwakar, D. M and G. P. Mishra (edit), Deprivation and Inclusive Development, published by Manak Publications: New Delhi in 2006, PP 295-335.
• ‘Food and Nutritional Status of the Poor in India: A State Level Analysis’, jointly with Prabir K. Ghosh and Abhilasha Sharma, in M. S Swaminathan and Pedro Medrano (eds.), Towards Hunger Free India: From Vision to Action, Chennai: East West Books (Madras) Pvt. Ltd.
• ‘The Impact of Privatization on Competition: A case Study of India’ jointly with Dr. Kanhaiya Singh in a two day conference organised by Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), Organisation Cooperation and Development (OECD) and Centre for Cooperation with Non-Members (CCNM), Paris on Privatization and Corporate Governance of State Owned Assets in ICSSR Campus, New Delhi; November 27-28.
• ‘Rural Non farm Employment in India: Access, Incomes and Poverty Impact’, Jointly with Peter Lanjouw, in Abusaleh Shariff and Maithreyi Krishnaraj (eds) State and Markets in Human Development in India, Orient Longman Press (forthcoming).
• ‘Household Food and Nutrition Security in India’, in S. Babu and A. Gulati (eds) Economic Reforms and Food Security in South Asia, Oxford University Press (forthcoming); also presented in a workshop on ‘Welfare, Demography and Development’ organized by Cambridge University, Cambridge, 11-12 September, 2001.
• ‘Determinants of Maternal Health Care Utilization in India: Evidence from a National Survey’, jointly with Geeta Singh, in Abusaleh Shariff and Maithreyi Krishnaraj (eds.) State and Markets in Human Development in India, Orient Longman Press (forthcoming).
• ‘Indexing Human Development in India: indicators, scaling and composition’, jointly with Amitabh Kundu and Prabir Ghosh, in Abusaleh Shariff and Maithreyi Krishnaraj (eds) State and Markets in Human Development in India, Orient Longman Press (forthcoming).
• ‘Human Development Profile of Rural India’, in Raja J. Chelliah and R. Sudarshan (eds) Income Poverty and Beyond: Human Development in India, pp. 53-71, 1999, New Delhi: Social Science Press.
• ‘An Integrated view of Development: Income Distribution, Employment and Social Security during the Structural Reforms’ in UNDP- EDAP Joint Policy Studies Series 9, Social Reform and Development in the Asia Pacific, Seoul: Korea Development Institute, 1999. Earlier presented in a regional conference on Social Implications of the Asian Financial Crisis, organized jointly by the Korea Development Institute, UNDP and Economic Development Institute of the World Bank, July 29-31, 1998, Seoul, Korea.
• ‘Economic and Human Development in India: Linkages and Issues’, in UNDP – EDAP Joint Policy Studies, Social Reform and Development in the Asia Pacific, Seoul: Korea Development Institute, 1998.
• ‘Economic and Policy Reforms and Employment in Manufacturing Sector’, in Concept and Measurement of Labour Flexibility with Special Reverence to Organized Sector in India, Seminar proceedings jointly published by Institute of Applied Manpower Research and Department of Statistics, Government of India, New Delhi, November 1997, pp 39-53.
• ‘Women’s Status and Child Health’, in Krishnaraj, Maithreyi, Ratna M Sudarshan and Abusaleh Shariff (eds), Gender Population and Development, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998: pp 185-219.
• ‘Gender Disparities in Literacy, Schooling and Cost of Education in Rural India’, jointly with Tarujyoti Buragohain and K.K. Tripathy, (Hindi translated version) in a monograph published by National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, New Delhi; presented in a National seminar on `Cost of Education', Organized by National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, 31 December, 1996 - 2 January 1997.
• ‘Education and Health Transition in India’, proceedings of a conference of Structural Adjustment and Gender in India, published jointly by Federic Ebert Foundation and UNDP, pp. 45-117, New Delhi, India, 1996.
• ‘Prospects of Trade in Health’, in Prasad, H.A.C. and Rajendar Kapoor (eds) Trade in Invisibles: An Indian Perspective,: pp. 111-120, New Delhi: Commonwealth publishes, 1996.
• ‘Widowhood in India’, in J.P.Singh (ed), Indian Woman, New Delhi: Gyan Publishers, 1996.
• ‘A comparative Study of Fertility Determinants in Togo and Uganda: A Hazard Model Analysis’, Proceedings of the International Congress of the IUSSP, held at Montreal, Canada, August 1993.
• ‘A few cultural concepts and socio-behavioral aspects of human health in India’, in Caldwell, J Etal (eds) What we know about Health Transition: the cultural, social and behavioral determinants of health, the proceedings of an International Workshop, pp. 788-805, 1990, Canberra: The Australian National University.

Mimeographs / Working Papers

• ‘Food Security for Sustained Poverty Alleviation in the Asia–Pacific Region: The Forgotten Gender Dimension’, (mimeo) a report written at the instance of the FAO and Association of Food Marketing for the Asia–Pacific Region, Bangkok, Thailand.
• ‘Rural Non farm Employment in India: Access, Incomes and Poverty Impact’, Jointly with Peter Lanjouw, Working Paper No. 84, National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India, 2002.
• ‘Determinants of Reproductive Healthcare Utilization in India: Evidence from a recent Micro-household Data’, Jointly with Geeta Singh, Working Paper No. 85, National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India, 2002.
• ‘Economic Reforms and the Poor’, Mimeograph, National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, August 1998, a project report reviewing the poverty over the last four decades and its association with the structural adjustment reforms. The focus of this research was on impact of reforms on intermediary mechanisms such as employment, real wages, food supply and food security for the poor.
• ‘Poverty, Deprivation and Levels of Living in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and West Bengal’, a comprehensive report (three volumes) written at the instance of DFID, British Development Cooperation, New Delhi, August 1998.
• ‘Health Care Financing and Insurance: Perspectives for the Indian Ninth Plan, 1997-2002’, (mimeo), A policy document prepared by a committee of which I was the convener and writer of the report, Submitted to Ministry of Health, Govt. of India, May 1996.
• ‘Programme / Project Sensitivity Analysis of the UNDP Funded Interventions to promote Sustainable Human Development: A Methodology’, (mimeo), A report written at the instance of UNDP: New Delhi, December 1995.
• ‘Health Transition in India’, Working Paper No. 57, National Council of Applied Economic Research, New Delhi, India, September, 1995.
  ‘Employees' State Insurance Scheme in Gujarat: Key Results of a Survey’, (mimeo), The Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Ahmedabad, India, March 1994. pp. 117.
• ‘Determinants of Child Health: Search for maternal Education effects in Gujarat’, Working Paper No. 47, Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Ahmedabad, India, June, 1993.
• ‘Family Planning Program In Gujarat: A Qualitative Assessment of Inputs and Impact’, (Mimeo), jointly with Praveen Visaria. The Gujarat Institute of Development Research, Ahmedabad, India, November 1991. pp. 160.